A
- ABS
- Account
- Accounts Payable
- Accounts Receivable
- Accredited Investor
- Accrual Accounting
- Adjustable-Rate Mortgage
- Administration Budget
- Advance Appropriation
- Advance Estimate (GDP)
- Advance Funding
- Advance Payment
- Affordable Care Act (ACA)
- Agency
- Agency Debt
- Agency Mortgage-Backed Security (agency MBS)
- Aggregate Measure
- Allocation
- Allotment
- Allowance
- Alternative Measures of Labor Underutilization
- Amendment
- American Community Survey (ACS)
- Antideficiency Act
- Antideficiency Act Violation
- Apportionment
- Appreciation
- Apprenticeship
- Appropriated Entitlement
- Appropriation
- Appropriation Anomaly
- Appropriation Rider
- Asset (Government)
- Asset-Backed Security (ABS)
- Audit
- Authorization
- Authorizing Committee
- Automatic Stabilizer
- Automation
- Average
B
- BA
- Backdoor Authority/Spending
- Balance of Payments
- Balance Sheet
- Balanced Budget
- Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985
- Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Reaffirmation Act of 1987
- Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
- Bank Holding Company (BHC)
- Bank Reserves
- Bank Run
- Barrier to Entry
- Base Period
- Base Realignment and Closure Commission (BRAC)
- Base Year
- Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS)
- Baseline
- Bases of Budgeting
- Basis Point
- BEA
- Biennial Budget
- Bills
- Birth Rate
- Black Market
- BLS
- Borrowing Authority
- BRAC
- Bretton Woods System
- Budget
- Budget Act
- Budget Aggregates
- Budget and Accounting Act of 1921
- Budget Authority (BA)
- Budget Deficit
- Budget Enforcement Act of 1990
- Budget Enforcement Act of 1997
- Budget Estimates
- Budget Function 050: National Defense
- Budget Function 150: International Affairs
- Budget Function 250: General Science, Space, and Technology
- Budget Function 270: Energy
- Budget Function 300: Natural Resources and Environment
- Budget Function 350: Agriculture
- Budget Function 370: Commerce and Housing Credit
- Budget Function 400: Transportation
- Budget Function 450: Community and Regional Development
- Budget Function 500: Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services
- Budget Function 550: Health
- Budget Function 570: Medicare
- Budget Function 600: Income Security
- Budget Function 650: Social Security
- Budget Function 700: Veterans Benefits and Services
- Budget Function 750: Administration of Justice
- Budget Function 800: General Government
- Budget Function 900: Net Interest
- Budget Function 920: Allowances
- Budget Function 950: Undistributed Offsetting Receipts
- Budget Function 970: Overseas Deployments and Other Activities
- Budget Function 999: Multifunction Account (used for accounts that involve two or more major functions)
- Budget Functions
- Budget Identification Code
- Budget Points of Order
- Budget Receipts
- Budget Resolution
- Budget Sub-Function 051: Department of Defense—Military
- Budget Sub-Function 053: Atomic Energy Defense Activities
- Budget Sub-Function 054: Defense-Related Activities
- Budget Sub-Function 151: International Development and Humanitarian Assistance
- Budget Sub-Function 152: International Security Assistance
- Budget Sub-Function 153: Conduct of Foreign Affairs
- Budget Sub-Function 154: Foreign Information and Exchange Activities
- Budget Sub-Function 155: International Financial Programs
- Budget Sub-Function 251: General Science and Basic Research
- Budget Sub-Function 252: Space Flight, Research, and Supporting Activities
- Budget Sub-Function 271: Energy Supply
- Budget Sub-Function 272: Energy Conservation
- Budget Sub-Function 274: Emergency Energy Preparedness
- Budget Sub-Function 276: Energy Information, Policy, and Regulation
- Budget Sub-Function 301: Water Resources
- Budget Sub-Function 302: Conservation and Land Management
- Budget Sub-Function 303: Recreational Resources
- Budget Sub-Function 304: Pollution Control and Abatement
- Budget Sub-Function 306: Other Natural Resources
- Budget Sub-Function 351: Farm Income Stabilization
- Budget Sub-Function 352: Agricultural Research and Services
- Budget Sub-Function 371: Mortgage Credit
- Budget Sub-Function 372: Postal Service
- Budget Sub-Function 373: Deposit Insurance
- Budget Sub-Function 376: Other Advancement of Commerce
- Budget Sub-Function 401: Ground Transportation
- Budget Sub-Function 402: Air Transportation
- Budget Sub-Function 403: Water Transportation
- Budget Sub-Function 407: Other Transportation
- Budget Sub-Function 451: Community Development
- Budget Sub-Function 452: Area and Regional Development
- Budget Sub-Function 453: Disaster Relief and Insurance
- Budget Sub-Function 501: Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education
- Budget Sub-Function 502: Higher Education
- Budget Sub-Function 503: Research and General Education Aids
- Budget Sub-Function 504: Training and Employment
- Budget Sub-Function 505: Other Labor Services
- Budget Sub-Function 506: Social Services
- Budget Sub-Function 551: Healthcare Services
- Budget Sub-Function 552: Health Research and Training
- Budget Sub-Function 554: Consumer and Occupational Health and Safety
- Budget Sub-Function 571: Medicare
- Budget Sub-Function 601: General Retirement and Disability Insurance (Excluding Social Security)
- Budget Sub-Function 602: Federal Employee Retirement and Disability
- Budget Sub-Function 603: Unemployment Compensation
- Budget Sub-Function 604: Housing Assistance
- Budget Sub-Function 605: Food and Nutrition Assistance
- Budget Sub-Function 609: Other Income Security
- Budget Sub-Function 651: Social Security
- Budget Sub-Function 701: Income Security for Veterans
- Budget Sub-Function 702: Veterans’ Education, Training, and Rehabilitation
- Budget Sub-Function 703: Hospital and Medical Care for Veterans
- Budget Sub-Function 704: Veterans’ Housing
- Budget Sub-Function 705: Other Veterans’ Benefits and Services
- Budget Sub-Function 751: Federal Law Enforcement Activities
- Budget Sub-Function 752: Federal Litigative and Judicial Activities
- Budget Sub-Function 753: Federal Correctional Activities
- Budget Sub-Function 754: Criminal Justice Assistance
- Budget Sub-Function 801: Legislative Sub-Functions
- Budget Sub-Function 802: Executive Direction and Management
- Budget Sub-Function 803: Central Fiscal Operations
- Budget Sub-Function 804: General Property and Records Management
- Budget Sub-Function 805: Central Personnel Management
- Budget Sub-Function 806: General Purpose Fiscal Assistance
- Budget Sub-Function 808: Other General Government
- Budget Sub-Function 809: Deductions for Offsetting Receipts
- Budget Sub-Function 901: Interest on the Treasury Debt Securities (Gross)
- Budget Sub-Function 902: Interest Received by On-Budget Trust Funds
- Budget Sub-Function 903: Interest Received by Off-Budget Trust Funds
- Budget Sub-Function 908: Other Interest
- Budget Sub-Function 909: Other Investment Income
- Budget Sub-Function 921-929: Contingencies for Specific Requirements
- Budget Sub-Function 951: Employer Share, Employee Retirement (On-Budget)
- Budget Sub-Function 952: Employer Share, Employee Retirement (Off-Budget)
- Budget Sub-Function 953: Rents and Royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf
- Budget Sub-Function 954: Sale of Major Assets
- Budget Sub-Function 959: Other Undistributed Offsetting Receipts
- Budget Summit at Andrews Air Force Base (1990)
- Budget Surplus
- Budget Update
- Budget Year
- Budgetary Reserves
- Budgetary Resources
- Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)
- Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)
- Bureau of the Budget
- Burn Rate
- Business Cycle
- Business Investment
- Business Sector
- Buyback
- Byrd Rule
C
- C-CPI-U
- Cap Adjustments
- Capital
- Capital Budget
- Capital Expenditures
- Capital Investment
- Capitalism
- CARFA
- Cartel
- Cash Accounting
- CBDC
- CBO
- CBO Baseline
- Census
- Census Bureau
- Census Division
- Census Region 1
- Census Region 2
- Census Region 3
- Census Region 4
- Census Regions
- Census Tract
- Central Bank
- Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)
- CFPB
- CFTC
- Chained CPI-All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U)
- Chained dollars
- Chained Index
- CHIMPs
- Civilian Labor Force
- Civilian Population
- Clearing Account
- Coinage Act of 1834
- Collateral
- Collective Bargaining
- Collusion
- Combined Statement of Receipts, Outlays, and Balances of the United States Government
- Commercial Bank
- Commercial Mortgage-Backed Security (CMBS)
- Commercial Paper (CP)
- Commission on the Accountability and Review of Federal Agencies Act (CARFA)
- Commodity
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)
- Common Stock
- Community Bank
- Comparative Advantage
- Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority
- Compensation
- Compound Annual Rate
- Concurrent Resolution on the Budget
- Congressional Budget
- Congressional Budget Act
- Congressional Budget Act, Section 302
- Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974
- Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
- Congressional Budget Timeline
- Consolidated Cash Budget
- Consolidated Financial Statement
- Consolidation
- Constant Dollars
- Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB)
- Consumer Price Index (CPI)
- Consumer Surplus
- Continuing Resolution (CR)
- Conventional Scoring
- Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act)
- Corporation
- Cost Estimates
- Cost of Living Adjustment (COLA)
- Cost-Benefit Analysis
- Countercyclical Policy
- CPI-All Urban Consumers (CPI-U)
- CPI-U
- CPI-Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W)
- CPI-W
- CR
- CRA
- Credit
- Credit Default Swap (CDS)
- Credit Rating Agency
- Credit Union
- CRomni
- Crypto-assets
- Cryptocurrency
- Current Authority
- Current Dollar
- Current Level Estimate
- Current Population Survey (CPS) (Household Survey)
- Current Services Estimates
- Current Tax Receipts
- Current Year
- Cut-Cap-Balance (2011)
D
- Dawes Plan
- Debt Held by Government Accounts (Intragovernmental Debt)
- Debt Held by the Public
- Debt Limit
- Debt Service
- Debt Subject to Statutory Debt Limit
- Debt, Federal
- Decennial
- Decennial census
- Decile
- Deeming Resolution
- Deferral of Budget Authority
- Deficiency Appropriation
- Deficit-Neutral Reserve Fund
- Deficits
- Defined Benefit Pension Plan
- Defined Contribution Retirement Plan
- Deflation
- Deflator
- Depreciation
- Depression
- Digital Asset
- Digital Currency
- Direct Spending
- Disbursement
- Discount Rate
- Discouraged Workers
- Discretionary Spending
- Displaced workers
- Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)
- Dividends
- Dodd-Frank (2010)
- Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA)
- Dumping
- Durable Goods
- Dynamic Scoring
E
- Earmarking
- Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)
- Economic Growth and Tax Reconciliation Act (EGTRA) (2001)
- Economic Scoring
- Emergency
- Employed
- Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP)
- Employment
- Employment Act of 1946
- Equilibrium
- Equities
- Exchange Rate
- Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF)
- Expansionary Fiscal Policy
- Expansionary Monetary Policy
- Expenditures
- Expired Budget Authority
- Export
- External Debt
F
- Family
- Farm Credit System
- FDIC
- Fed
- Federal Credit
- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
- Federal Funds Rate
- Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA)
- Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)
- Federal Regulation
- Federal Reserve
- Federal Reserve Board of Governors
- Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977
- Fiat Money
- FICO Score
- Final Estimate
- Financial Assets
- Financial Repression
- Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC)
- First Bank of the United States (1791–1811)
- Fiscal Consolidation
- Fiscal Dominance
- Fiscal Policy
- Fiscal Year (FY)
- FOIA
- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
- Form-Seasonal Elasticity Problem
- Fractional Reserve Banking
- Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
- FTC
- Full Employment
- Futures Contract
- FY
G
- G-20
- Game Theory
- GAO
- GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
- GDP Deflator
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
- Generation: Baby Boomers, Cohort
- Generation: Generation Alpha, Cohort
- Generation: Generation X, Cohort
- Generation: Generation Z, Cohort
- Generation: The Silent Generation, Cohort
- Global Systemically Important Bank (G-SIB)
- GNP (Gross National Product)
- Gold Exchange Standard
- Gold Reserve Act (1934)
- Government Enterprise
- Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA)
- Government Shutdown
- Government-Sponsored Enterprise (GSE)
- Governmental Receipts
- Gramm-Rudman-Hollings (GRH)
- Grant
- Great Contraction (1929–1933)
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
- Gross Federal Debt
- Gross Investment
- Gross National Product (GNP)
- Gross Output
- Growth Rate
- GSE
- Guaranteed Loan
- Guidance Document
I
J
L
M
- M1 (Money Supply)
- M2 (Money Supply)
- Macroeconomics
- Mandatory Spending
- Marginal Cost
- Marginal Tax Rate
- Marginal Utility
- Mark-to-Market
- Mark-Up
- Marketable Debt
- Maturity Date
- Mean
- Means-Tested Income Transfers
- Median
- Medium of Exchange
- Microeconomics
- Mid-Session Review of the Budget
- Midwest Region
- Millennials, Cohort
- Minibus Appropriation
- Minimum Wage
- Monetary Base
- Monetary Dominance
- Monetary Policy
- Money Market
- Money Market Fund
- Money supply
- Monopoly
- Monthly Treasury Statement (MTS)
- Mortgage
- Mortgage-Backed Security (MBS)
- Most Favored Nation Status
- Multiyear Authority
- Multiyear Budget Planning
- Municipal Bond
- Mutual Fund
N
- NAICS
- Nasdaq
- National Credit Union Administration (NCUA)
- National Debt
- National Income
- National Income Accounts (NIA) Budget
- National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA)
- National Monetary Commission (1910)
- Native Born
- Net Exports
- Net Present Value
- New York City Potential Default (1975)
- No-Year Authority
- Nominal Dollar
- Nominal Values
- Non-Fungible Tokens
- Nonbank Financial Institution (NBFI)
- Nonbudgetary
- Nondurable Goods
- Nonperforming Loan
- Nonresidential Fixed Investment
- North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
- Northeast Region
- Not Seasonally Adjusted
O
- Obamacare (Affordable Care Act, ACA)
- Obligation
- Obligational Authority
- Obligations Basis
- OCC
- Occupational Licensing
- Off-Budget
- Office of Financial Research (OFR)
- Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC)
- Offsetting Receipts and Collections
- OMB
- OMB Circular No. A-11
- Omnibus Appropriation
- On-Budget
- One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBB) (2023)
- One-Year Authority
- Open market operations
- Operating Budget
- Opportunity Cost
- Option
- Outcome Measure
- Outlays
- Outlier
- Output
- Outyear
- Oversight Committees
P
- Panic of 1837
- Panic of 1907
- Part Time
- Pay-As-You-Go (PAYGO)
- Penn Central Crisis
- Performance Measures/Indicators
- Permanent Authority
- Personal Consumption
- Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE)
- Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) Price Index
- Personal Consumption Expenditures, Excluding Food and Energy (Core PCE) Price Index
- Personal Income
- Personal Saving
- Personal Savings Rate
- Phillips Curve
- Population
- Population Density
- Population Growth Rate
- Pork-Barrel Legislation
- Potential GDP
- Power of the Purse
- President’s Budget
- President’s Commission on Budget Concepts (1967)
- Price Controls
- Price Deflator
- Price Index
- Price Shock
- Primary Outlays
- Principle of Diminishing Returns
- Prior Year
- Private Equity Fund
- Private Fixed Investment
- Private Nonfarm Business Sector
- Privately Held Government Debt
- Producer Price Index
- Productivity
- Profits
- Progressive Tax
- Projections
- Property Rights
- Proportional Tax
- Prudential Regulation
- Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB)
- Public Debt
- Public-Private Partnership (PPP)
- Purchasing Power
R
- Rate of Unemployment
- Rationing
- Real Dollar
- Real Earnings
- Real Economic Growth
- Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT)
- Real GDP
- Real Interest Rate
- Real Values
- Reapportionment
- Reappropriation
- Reauthorization
- Receipts
- Recession
- Reconciliation
- Reconciliation Instructions
- Regressive Tax
- Regulatory Budget
- Reimbursement
- Rent Seeking
- Reprogramming
- Repurchase Agreement (repo)
- Rescission
- Reserve Requirement
- Reserves
- Residential Fixed Investment
- Residential Mortgage-Backed Security (RMBS)
- Revenues
- Russell 3000 Index
S
- S&P 500
- Saving
- Savings and Loan Crisis (S&L Crisis)
- SBA
- Scarcity
- Scorekeeping
- Scoring
- Seasonal Adjustments
- SEC
- Second Bank of the United States (1816–1836)
- Second Estimate
- Secondary Effects
- Securities
- Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
- Securities Exchange Act of 1934
- Securitization
- Seigniorage
- Senate PAYGO
- Sequester
- Sequestration
- Severance Pay
- Shadow Banking
- Socialism
- South Region
- Special Fund Account
- Special-Interest
- Spending Caps
- Stablecoins
- Stagflation
- Statement of Administration Policy (SAP)
- Static Scoring
- Statistical Model
- Statutory Debt Limit
- Statutory PAYGO
- Stocks
- Strike
- Structural Unemployment
- Subfunction
- Subsidy
- Substitution Bias
- Sunk Costs
- Super Committees
- Supplemental Appropriation
- Supply Shock
- Surplus
- System Open Market Account (SOMA)
T
- Tariff
- TARP
- Tax
- Tax Base
- Tax Credit
- Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) (2017)
- Tax Deduction
- Tax Expenditure
- Tax Reform of 1986
- Taxonomy
- Taylor Rule
- Technical and Economic Assumptions
- The Accord (1951)
- The Banking Act of 1935
- The Federal Reserve Act (1913)
- The Great Depression
- The Great Moderation (1983–2000)
- The Revenue Act of 1926
- Third Estimate
- Total Fertility Rate
- Trade Deficit
- Trade Surplus
- Transfer
- Treasury
- Treasury Bill
- Treasury Bond
- Treasury Note
- Treasury Security
- Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP)
- Trust Fund Accounts
U
- U-1 BLS Unemployment Measure
- U-2 BLS Unemployment Measure
- U-3 BLS Unemployment Measure (Official Unemployment Rate)
- U-4 BLS Unemployment Measure
- U-5 BLS Unemployment Measure
- U-6 BLS Unemployment Measure
- Underwriting Standards
- Unemployed
- Unemployment Insurance
- Unemployment Rate
- Unexpired Budget Authority
- Unfunded Mandate
- Unified Budget
- United States-Mexico-Canada Trade Agreement (USMCA)
- Unobligated Balance
- USAspending.gov
- User Fee